World War Briefing

Based on a series of short talks by the author for a local group for descendants of US veterans, intended to provide a basic overview of the conflict.

Part Three: The War Walter Gurske Part Three: The War Walter Gurske

Summer, 1943

Part Three: The War

As the offensive at Kursk turns into disaster or the Germans, the Italian Fascist government collapses, prompting a German invasion of their erstwhile ally. Meanwhile, the Americans launch an invasion of the Island of New Georgia in the Solomons, and the biter campaign in New Guinea slowly grinds onward.

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Operation Husky

As the Battle of Kursk escalates in the East, the Western Allies launch their invasion of Sicily. As the Anglo-American forces sweep across the island, the ensuing political crisis spells the doom of Benito Mussolini and Italian Fascism, as the King orders the Duce arrested and is left with a weak government and shattered army, all while their erstwhile German ally prepares to respond.

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The Battle of Kursk

Part Three: The War

The German and Soviet armies clash at Kursk in the largest tank battle of all time, with the fate of the war in the East hanging in the balance. Despite initial German gains their offensive was blunted, and when the dust settled the Germans had decisively lose the initiative on the Eastern Front.

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Spring, 1943

Part Three: The War

Both sides prepare for their summer offensives in the East as the long campaign for North Africa comes to a close with the destruction of the Axis forces in Tunisia. Meanwhile. the Allies launch new offensives in the South Pacific, the Japanese attack the Chinese in Hubei, and Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto is killed when his plane is shot down over the island of Bougainville in a carefully planned operation.

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Winter, 1943

Part Three: The War

In the wake of the disaster at Stalingrad, the Germans find themselves losing ground across the Eastern Front, as their first meeting with the Americans in North Africa results in a short lived victory. Meanwhile, the Battle for Guadalcanal ends as the Japanese withdraw, and all sides settle in for a protracted, total war.

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Fall, 1942

Part Three: The War

The German drive in the east begins to slow as the Americans enter the fray in North Africa. Vichy France ceases to exist as a functional state, and their fleet is destroyed to prevent the Germans from seizing it. In the Pacific, the US sends the Japanese into retreat on Guadalcanal as their fleets clash around the island.

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The Battle of El Alamein

Part Three: The War

Montgomery launches his long planned offensive against the German lines in Egypt. After a long, brutal battle of attrition the Axis forces collapse, with the remnants of the German forces retreating into Libya as the Italian forces are left behind to make a final stand. In London, a jubilant Churchill famously declares the “End of the Beginning”

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The Battle of Midway

Part Three: The War

The US Navy ambushes the Japanese carrier fleet at Midway Island, achieving surprise and managing to destroy four fleet carriers for the loss of only one. The Imperial Japanese Navy would never recover from this devastating loss, and the initiative would shift decisively in favor the Americans.

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Spring, 1942

Part Three: The War

As the Germans resume their offensive in the East, the British are pushed back into Egypt. Meanwhile, Czech agents assassinate SS leader Reinhard Heydrich, prompting massive retaliation. In the Pacific, the Japanese force the British from Burma, and US and IJN fleets clash in the Coral Sea.

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Winter, 1942

Part Three: The War

The war continues across the European and newly opened Pacific Theaters, as the Germans make gains in North Africa and the Japanese smash their way across the Pacific and East Asia. As the war spreads around the globe, the alliances of both the Axis and Allied powers are reaffirmed, as both sides set into what promises to be total warfare.

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The Fall of the Philippines

Part Three: The War

The United States faces its first major land campaign of the war as the Japanese land on the Philippine Islands, a US territory since 1898. After a brutal campaign lasting almost six months the archipelago falls to the Japanese in the largest defeat in the history of the United States.

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The Battle of Moscow

Part Three: The War

As the Wehrmacht launches its offensive against the Soviet capital, the Red Army mounts a desperate defense. Aided by the increasingly difficult winter weather, they are able to first halt the Germans and then throw them back, scoring the first major land victory against the Germans in this war.

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Pearl Harbor

Part Three: The War

On December 7, 1941 carrier aircraft of the Imperial Japanese Navy struck at the US Pacific Fleet base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, devastating the fleet and thrusting the United States into the war. The American antiwar movement almost immediately evaporates, and the massive resources of the United States are soon to be marshalled against the Japanese and their allies.

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Fall, 1941

Part Three: The War

The Germans experience setbacks on both the Eastern and North African Fronts as the Russian winter sets in the British launch an offensive in Libya. Meanwhile, the war approaches yet another major escalation.

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Summer, 1941

Part Three: The War

The German invasion of the Soviet Union continues as Kiev falls and Leningrad is besieged. Changes in commands effect both sides in North Africa, and the Americans and Japanese edge closer to war as the situation in the Pacific and East Asia deteriorates.

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Operation Barbarossa

Part Three: The War

The war witnesses its most dramatic escalation to date as the Axis launch the largest invasion in history, with over three million men and thousands of tanks and aircraft invading the Soviet Union along a front stretching almost 2,000 miles. In addition, this was to be a war of annihilation, with the Germans in particular focused on the extermination of both communism and the peoples of the USSR.

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Spring, 1941

Part Three: The War

The Germans intervene in the Balkans, leading to the fall of Yugoslavia and Greece, ending with a dramatic airborne assault on Crete, as Rommel defies British attempts to retake the initiative in North Africa. The Italians are pushed into fortified cities for their final stand in East Africa, while, a top Nazi official attempts a solo peace mission, and Iraq enters the war on Britain. Finally, at sea the Germans bring their most powerful warship into play in the Atlantic.

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Winter, 1941

Part Three: The War

The Italian failures on all fronts reach a point in which the Germans must respond. This sees escalation in North Africa and the Balkans. Meanwhile, war breaks out in Southeast Asia as Siam tries to take advantage of France’s weakness, all while the German blitz on England continues.

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